Table 1.
Summary of studies grouped by cancer screening type and characteristics of study participants included in each study of cancer prevention among people with HIV in the United States, 2010–2024
| Author (Publication year) | Study design | Study setting | Study years | Sample size |
Participant characteristics |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample size* | People with HIV n | Age | Sexual behavior and/or orientation | Sex | Gender identity | Race and ethnicity | ||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Anal cancer screening | ||||||||||
| Apaydin (2018) | Mixed-methods | Clinic-based | 2016 | 14 | 6 | ≥ 18 years Mean age: 49 years |
Gay: 93% Bisexual: 7% MSM: 100% |
NR | Male: 100% | White: 93% More than one race: 7% |
| Cachay (2018) | Retrospective cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2001–2012 | X | 2804 | ≥ 18 years Median age: 40 years |
MSM: 80% | Male: 88% Female:11% |
NR | NH-Black: 13% Hispanic: 17% NH-White: 62% NH-Other: 8% |
| Cachay (2023) | Retrospective cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2007–2020 | X | 8239 | ≥ 18 years Median age: 44 years |
MSM: 62% | Male: 86% Female: 14% |
Cisgender Persons: 98% Transgender Persons: 1.4% |
Black: 15% White: 62% Others: 23% Hispanic Ethnicity: 27% |
| Cruz (2023) | Cross-sectional | Community-based | 2020–2021 | X | 202 | ≥ 26 years Median age: 54 years |
Heterosexual: 55% Homosexual: 38% Bisexual: 8% MSM: 44% |
Male: 68% Female: 32% |
Men: 67% Women: 32% Transgender persons: 1% |
Hispanic Ethnicity: 100% Puerto Rican |
| D'Souza (2013) | Prospective Cohort | Community and Clinic-based | 2010–2011 | 1742 | 820 | ≥ 18 years Median age: 55 years | MSM: 100% | Male: 100% | NR | NH-Black: 20% NH-White 67% Other: 13% |
| Hernandez (2013) | Prospective Cohort | Community-based | 1998–2005 | X | 318 | ≥ 18 years Mean age: 42.5 years |
MSM: 100% | Male: 100% | NR | Asian: 2% Black: 2% Hispanic: 7% NH-White: 88% Other: 1% |
| Hernandez (2024) | Prospective Cohort | Community-based | 2018–2022 | 238 | 129 | ≥ 50 years | MSM: 100% | Male: 97% | Cisgender: 97% Transgender: 3% |
Asian/AI/AN: 7% Black: 10% NH-White: 64% Hispanic White: 5% Other/Mixed: 13% |
| Junkins (2024) | Retrospective Cohort | Clinic-based | 2018 | X | 1,114 | 20–79 years Median: 48 years |
Homosexual: 62% Heterosexual: 21% Bisexual: 11% Other: 6% |
Men: 100% | NR | Black: 55% White: 42% Other: 2% |
| Kutner (2024) | Sequential Explanatory Mixed-Methods | Clinic-based | 2022–2023 | X | 13 | ≥ 35 years Median age: 47 years |
Gay: 62% Bisexual: 23% Queer: 8% Heterosexual: 8% |
NR | Cisgender: 85% Transgender: 16% |
Latinx: 31% Asian: 15% Black: 31% White (non-Latinx): 23% Multiracial: 8% |
| Nyitray (2023) | Cross-sectional | Community-based | 2020–2022 | 241 | 65 | ≥ 25 years Median age: 46 years |
Gay: 82% Bisexual: 12% Other: 2% |
NR | Men: 94% Transgender, nonbinary or other: 6% |
NH-Black: 19% Hispanic: 13% NH-White: 66% Other: 2% |
| Rim (2024) | Cross-sectional | National Survey | 2019 | X | 4,100 | ≥ 18 years | Lesbian or Gay: 42% Heterosexual: 46% Bisexual: 9% Other: 3% |
NR | Cisgender males: 75% Cisgender females: 23% Transgender females: 2% |
NH-Black: 42% Hispanic/Latino: 22% NH-White: 29% Other: 7% |
| Schwartz (2013) | Cross-sectional | Clinic-based | 2009–2010 | X | 305 | ≥ 18 years Median age: 53 years |
MSM: 100% | Male: 100% | NR | White: 90% Non-White: 10% Non-Hispanic: 88% Hispanic: 12% |
| Wells (2018) | Retrospective Cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2010–2013 | X | 200 | ≥ 18 years Mean age: 49.7 years |
MSM: 21% Non-MSM: 80% |
Male: 51% Female: 49% |
NR | White: 5% Black: 74% Hispanic: 5% Other: 16.5% |
| Wells (2022) | Cross-sectional | Clinic-based | NR | X | 149 | ≥ 21 years Median age: 46 years |
Heterosexual/ Straight: 14% Bisexual/ Other: 18% Lesbian/gay: 68% |
Born male: 89% Born female: 11% |
NR | Black: 79% White: 16% Hispanic/Latino/Other: 5% |
| Ye (2021) | Retrospective cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2006–2018 | X | 4482 | ≥ 18 years Median age: 46 years |
Heterosexual: 41% MSM: 55% Other:0.2% |
NR | Men: 76% Women: 23% Transgender persons: 0.5% |
Black: 60% White: 36% Other: 4% |
| Breast cancer screening | ||||||||||
| Weinstein (2016) | Retrospective cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2003–2008 | X | 292 | ≥ 40 years | NR | Female: 100% | NR | Black: 70% Hispanic: 11% White: 18% Other: 1% |
| Cervical cancer screening | ||||||||||
| Baranoski (2011) | Retrospective cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2003–2008 | X | 549 | 18–60 years Mean age: 39.3 years | NR | Female:100% | NR | Black: 71% Hispanic: 14% White: 15% Other: 1% |
| Baranoski (2012) | Retrospective cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2003–2007 | X | 177 | ≥ 18 years Mean: 37.3 years |
NR | Female:100% | NR | Black/African: 72% Hispanic: 15% White: 13% |
| Barnes (2018) | Retrospective cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2010–2014 | X | 1490 | 18–64 years | NR | Female: 100% | NR | White/Other: 13% Black: 72% Hispanic: 15% |
| Bynum (2016) | Cross-sectional | Clinic-based | 2011–2012 | X | 145 | ≥ 18 years Mean: 46 years |
NR | Female:100% | NR | Black: 90% AI/AN: 1% White: 6% Other: 2% |
| Dailey Garnes (2015) | Cross sectional | Clinic, EHR | 2007 | X | 498 | ≥ 34 years Median: 43 years |
NR | Female: 100% | NR | Black: 73% White: 7% Hispanic: 19% Other: 1% |
| Fletcher (2014) | Qualitative Focus Groups | Clinic-based | 2012 | X | 33 | ≥ 18 years Median: 51 years |
NR | NR | Women: 100% | Black: 70% White: 12% Hispanic: 18% |
| Fletcher (2014) | Cross-sectional | Clinic-based | 2007–2009 | X | 138 | ≥ 18 years Mean: 45.4 years |
NR | Female: 100% | NR | White: 12% Black: 79% Latino/Hispanic: 6% Other: 3% |
| Frazier (2016) | Cross-sectional | National Survey | 2009–2010 | X | 2270 | ≥ 18 years | NR | Female: 100% | NR | Black-NH: 62% Hispanic/Latino: 17% White-NH: 17% Other: 4% |
| Logan (2010) | Retrospective Cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2000–2006 | X | 200 | ≥ 18 years Mean: 38 years |
NR | Female: 100% | NR | White, NH: 20% African American: 57% Hispanic: 23% |
| Peprah (2018) | Retrospective cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2005–2014 | X | 554 | ≥ 18 years Median: 41 years |
NR | Female: 100% | NR | Black: 79% White: 17% Other: 4% |
| Soto-Salgado (2024) | Cross-sectional | National Survey | 2018–2021 | X | 3,871 | ≥ 18 years | NR | Female: 100% | NR | Hispanic/Puerto Rican: 100% |
| Tello (2010) | Mixed-methods | Clinic-based | 2008 | X | 200 | ≥ 18 years Mean: 46 years |
NR | Female:100% | NR | Caucasian: 11% African American: 85% Other: 4% |
| Colorectal cancer screening | ||||||||||
| Burkholder (2015) | Retrospective cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2003–2010 | X | 265 | ≥ 50 years | MSM: 59% Heterosexual men: 19% |
NR | Men: 79% Women: 21% |
White: 60% Black/African American: 40% |
| Kelly (2021) | Cross-sectional | Clinic-based | NR | X | 270 | ≥ 40 years Mean: 55 years |
NR | Male: 100% | NR | Black or African American: 100% |
| Lam (2019) | Retrospective cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2005–2016 | 32, 396 | 3,177 | 50–75 years Mean: 53 years |
NR | Male: 91% | NR | White, NH: 59% Hispanic: 15% Black, NH: 14% Asian, NH: 4% Other: 7% |
| Momplaisir (2012) | Cross-sectional | Clinic. EHR | 2010 | X | 115 | 50–81 years | NR | Male: 71% Female: 29% |
NR | White: 26% Black and/or Hispanic: 74% |
| Lung cancer screening | ||||||||||
| Islam (2023) | Retrospective cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2012–2021 | 365 | 73 | 50–80 years | NR | Male: 55% Female: 45% |
NR | White, NH: 65% Black, NH: 28% Hispanic: 2% |
| Lopez (2022) | Retrospective cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2016–2018 | X | 256 | 55–80 years Mean: 60 years |
MSM: 63% Heterosexual: 57% |
Male: 75% Female: 23% |
Transgender Female: 1% | NH-White: 67% NH-Black: 27% Other: 7% |
| Triplette (2023) | Mixed-methods | Clinic-based | 2021–2022 | X | 64 | ≥ 18 years Median: 59 years | NR | NR | Female: 16% Male: 81% Other: 3% |
AI/AN: 11% Asian: 5% Black: 11% White: 69% Other: 6% |
| Prostate cancer screening | ||||||||||
| Leapman (2022) | Cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2000–2015 | 123,472 | 37,819 | ≥ 45 years Median: 52 years | NR | Male: 100% | NR | White: 40% Black: 48% Hispanic: 8% Other: 4% |
| Multiple cancer screening types | ||||||||||
| Momplaisir (2014) | Cross-sectional | Clinic-based | 2010–2011 | 762 | 401 | ≥ 50 years (M) ≥ 40 years (W) Mean: 54 years |
NR | NR | Male: 54% Female: 45% Transgender persons: 5% |
White, NH: 29% Black, NH: 45% Other: 5% |
| Rahangdale (2010) | Retrospective Cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2002–2006 | X | 60 | ≥ 18 years | NR | Female: 100% | NR | Black: 43% Hispanic: 28% White: 25% Other: 4% |
| Short (2019) | Cross-sectional | National Survey, linked with EHR | 2013–2014 | X | 2766 | ≥ 18 years | NR | Female: 100% | NR | NH-Black: 62% Hispanic/Latina: 20% NH-White: 15% Other: 3% |
| Simonsen (2014) | Retrospective cohort | Clinic, EHR | 2009 | X | 192 | ≥ 18 years | NR | Female: 100% | NR | Caucasian: 68% African: 24% Other: 6% |
Abbreviations: NR Not reported, EHR electronic health record, NH Non-Hispanic, MSM Men who have sex with men
*
Total denotes total sample size, including those without HIV. X indicates that the study only includes people with HIV, therefore the total is reported in the People with HIV “n” column