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. 2026 Jul 24;24:471. doi: 10.1186/s12964-026-03023-7

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© The Author(s) 2026

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 10 — Annexin A2 contributed to OTA-induced toxicity in NRK52E cells. A Representative immunoblot images of kidney injury markers in NRK52E cells after knockdown. B-C The bar graph represents the level of kidney injury markers in control (B) and OTA-exposed NRK52E cells (C) after annexin A2 knockdown. β-actin expression was used for normalization. (D) The expression of kidney injury markers in annexin A2 overexpressing NRK52E cells. (E–F) The bar graph showing the level of kidney injury markers in control (E) and OTA-exposed NRK52E cells (F) after annexin A2 overexpression. β-actin expression was used for normalization. CTL = vehicle-treated NRK52E cells, CTL + Scr = scrambled-treated NRK52E cells, HD + Scr = scrambled-treated four-month OTA-exposed NRK52E cells, HD + siAnx = annexin A2 siRNA-treated four-month OTA-exposed NRK52E cells. CTL + vector = control NRK52E cells transfected with empty plasmid, CTL + OE = control NRK52E cells transfected with Anxa2-GFP encoding plasmid, HD + vector = four-month OTA-exposed NRK52E cells transfected with empty vector, HD + OE = four-month OTA-exposed NRK52E cells transfected with Anxa2-GFP encoding plasmid