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. 2026 Jul 24;24:471. doi: 10.1186/s12964-026-03023-7

Table 3.

All significantly upregulated and downregulated proteins in urinary sEVs derived from OTA-exposed rats (T) vs vehicle-control (VC) sEVs

Accession Description Gene
Symbol
Fold Change (Log2FC TvsVC) -Log (P-value)
P14841 Cystatin-C Cst3 11.6 3.70E + 00
P81828 Urinary protein 2 10.9 3.09E + 00
P20059 Hemopexin Hpx 9.9 3.20E + 00
P06866 Haptoglobin Hp 9.8 2.37E + 00
P42854 Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-gamma Reg3g 9.6 3.40E + 00
P24090 Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein Ahsg 9.1 2.55E + 00
A0A0G2JZV7 Uncharacterized protein 8.8 3.32E + 00
Q7TMB9 Ab1-021 Serpina3l 8.6 3.22E + 00
Q5PQU1 Kininogen 1 Kng2 8.3 4.61E + 00
Q6IN22 Cathepsin B Ctsb 8.2 3.73E + 00
P27274 CD59 glycoprotein Cd59 8.0 3.31E + 00
M0RBP7 Uncharacterized protein 7.9 3.05E + 00
M0R4Z4 Uncharacterized protein 7.9 2.44E + 00
D3ZEP5 Uncharacterized protein 7.5 3.83E + 00
Q07936 Annexin A2 Anxa2 7.5 2.76E + 00
A0A0G2JZ73 Alpha-1-antiproteinase 6.9 3.49E + 00
Q64602 Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase, mitochondrial Aadat 6.7 3.15E + 00
F7EPE0 Prosaposin 6.7 2.48E + 00
Q5VLR6 BWK3 6.7 1.95E + 00
P81827 Urinary protein 1 6.6 5.56E + 00
Q62930 Complement component C9 C9 6.5 2.88E + 00
P10959 Carboxylesterase 1C Ces1c 6.5 2.28E + 00
Q01177 Plasminogen Plg 6.4 1.24E + 00
P02680 Fibrinogen gamma chain Fgg 6.4 2.96E + 00
M0RBK4 Uncharacterized protein 6.4 3.15E + 00
E0A3N4 Serpina3n-like protein 6.3 1.95E + 00
A0A0G2K4C9 Prostatic spermine-binding protein Sbp 6.1 2.05E + 00
E9MW47 Immune CD300 receptor Cd300le 5.8 1.69E + 00
A0A0G2JSH5 Serum albumin Alb 5.8 5.92E + 00
P12346 Serotransferrin Tf 5.7 4.34E + 00
G3V9M0 Cystatin Cyssl1 5.5 3.15E + 00
A0A0G2K7I1 Uncharacterized protein 5.4 5.18E + 00
A0A0G2K6T8 Uncharacterized protein 5.4 2.91E + 00
A0A0G2K926 Murinoglobulin-1 LOC297568 5.1 4.22E + 00
P20767 Ig lambda-2 chain C region 5.1 3.84E + 00
P04276 Vitamin D-binding protein Gc 5.1 2.48E + 00
P36953 Afamin Afm 4.8 1.29E + 00
A0A0G2K4K2 Uncharacterized protein 4.7 1.83E + 00
F1LTN6 Uncharacterized protein 4.7 3.76E + 00
M0RD98 Uncharacterized protein 4.5 3.07E + 00
P83121 Urinary protein 3 4.5 4.05E + 00
Q9JJI4 Alpha-2u globulin Mup4l1 4.3 3.06E + 00
G3V8G8 Kallikrein 6 (Predicted) Klk1c8 4.3 3.61E + 00
Q4VBH1 Ighg protein Ighg 4.1 1.25E + 00
P02770 Serum albumin Alb 4.0 3.41E + 00
D3ZQR5 Uncharacterized protein 4.0 4.84E + 00
Q63430 Cold shock domain-containing protein C2 Csdc2 3.9 1.95E + 00
G3V8H1 Kallikrein 1-related peptidase B3 Klk1 3.8 1.71E + 00
P01015 Angiotensinogen Agt 3.6 1.99E + 00
F1LPG1 Uncharacterized protein 3.4 3.48E + 00
Q5I0L0 Alpha-amylase Amy1a 3.3 4.20E + 00
M0RBF1 Complement C3 C3 3.2 3.46E + 00
A0A0G2JXF0 Uncharacterized protein 3.1 2.13E + 00
P21704 Deoxyribonuclease-1 Dnase1 3.0 2.72E + 00
Q63530 Phosphotriesterase-related protein Pter 3.0 1.67E + 00
P15399 Probasin Pbsn 3.0 3.47E + 00
P05545 Serine protease inhibitor A3K Serpina3k 2.9 1.75E + 00
H6X320 Pentaxin Apcs 2.9 2.52E + 00
A0A0G2JSP1 Uromodulin 2.7 3.45E + 00
A0A0G2JUY4 Uncharacterized protein 2.7 2.54E + 00
P02780 Secretoglobin family 2 A member 2 Scgb2a2 2.6 4.63E + 00
A0A0G2JV65 14–3-3 protein zeta/delta 2.5 1.81E + 00
Q5M7V3 LOC367586 protein LOC367586 2.4 2.70E + 00
A0A1W2Q6M4 Uncharacterized LOC103691699 (Fragment) 2.3 3.86E + 00
Q63015 Common salivary protein 1 Csap1 2.1 1.80E + 00
Q6IE67 Proteasome subunit alpha type LOC100361067 2.0 1.13E + 00
Downregulated proteins
D3ZUQ1 Lipase Lipo1 −8.4 2.61E + 00
P07314 Glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Ggt1 −7.1 2.10E + 00
Q64319 Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT Slc3a1 −7.0 3.16E + 00
A0A0H2UHX5 Neprilysin Mme −7.0 2.34E + 00
P10111 Peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase A Ppia −5.9 3.01E + 00
Q9QZT0 CUB and zona pellucida-like domain-containing protein 1 Cuzd1 −5.5 1.64E + 00
D3Z9U8 S100 calcium-binding protein A7-like 2 S100a7l2 −5.4 2.10E + 00
F1M9X2 Pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2 Gp2 −4.6 1.07E + 00
Q05175 Brain acid soluble protein 1 Basp1 −4.2 1.86E + 00
A0A0G2K1A2 Myeloperoxidase −4.2 2.93E + 00
P31977 Ezrin Ezr −4.1 1.87E + 00
Q4QQV8 Charged multivesicular body protein 5 Chmp5 −3.1 2.85E + 00
Q91XN5 Prominin 1 Prom1 −2.9 2.18E + 00
P15684 Aminopeptidase N Anpep −2.7 1.54E + 00
P63259 Actin, cytoplasmic 2 Actg1 −2.4 1.69E + 00
F1MAE5 Uncharacterized protein −2.3 2.59E + 00
Q45QL6 Guanine nucleotide binding protein beta 2 (Fragment) Gnb2 −2.1 1.22E + 00
P50123 Glutamyl aminopeptidase Enpep −1.9 1.59E + 00
D3ZS19 Alpha-2-macroglobulin-like 1 −1.6 1.32E + 00
P0DP31 Calmodulin-3 Calm3 −1.1 1.78E + 00

Log2FC TvsVC represents the fold change in protein abundance in high-dose OTA-induced sEVs relative to vehicle control-derived sEVs Significantly deregulated proteins were identified if the adjusted p-value between experimental groups was ≤ 0.05 and the Log2FC was at least 1