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. 2026 Sep 4;23(3):201–209. doi: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2026.78137

Table 13. Comparison of pregnancy outcomes according to maternal education level.

Outcome

Illiterate

Primary education

High school

University

Total

p

Heterozygous carrier newborn

16 (3.0)

407 (64.0)

148 (23.0)

65 (10.0)

636 (100)

-

Newborn with normal genotype

15 (3.0)

191 (60.0)

83 (25.0)

40 (12.0)

329 (100)

Pregnancy termination

6 (2.0)

161 (60.0)

75 (28.0)

27 (10.0)

269 (100)

Newborn with affected genotype

4 (36.3)

6 (54.5)

1 (9.2)

0 (0.0)

11 (100)

Other pregnancy outcomes

85

-

-

-

85 (100)

Total

1330

-

<0.001*

* Statistical significance was evaluated using the chi-square test; p<0.05 was considered statistically significant