Fig. 1.

Schematic workflow of the beam hardening assessment. The AED phantom and ME phantom were scanned with PCCT, DECT, and SECT. For the PCCT and DECT scans, VMIs were created, while the low (L) and high (H) energy scans were also used. The AED phantom was used for calibration of the SPR estimation, applying two different methods – a DECT-based method proposed by Saito and Sagara [14], and SECT-based Hounsfield look-up tables (HLUTs) [4]. The ME phantom was used for evaluation. For both phantoms, the grey numbered areas indicate the insert positions, and the dark blue circles indicate the different phantom diameters. The insert configurations for the AED phantom followed the consensus guide [4], and the inserts configurations for the ME phantom are described in Supplementary Material A. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)