Structures of the four naturally occurring thionucleosides and their locations in E. coli tRNA. Invariant nucleosides are shown in the tRNA secondary structure, and anticodon bases are represented by solid circles. s4U8, 4-thiouridine 8; mnm5s2U34, 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine 34; s2C32, 2-thiocytidine 32; ms2i6A37, 6-N-dimethylallyl-2-methylthioadenosine 37.