Table 2.
Comparison of BIDQ, GASP, mental health indicators, and BMI between EDE-Q median groups.
| Variables | Total (n = 1,576) | EDE-Q ≤ 0.90 (n = 789) | EDE-Q > 0.90 (n = 787) | Cohen’s d | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EDE-Q sub-scales | |||||
| ER | 1.32 ± 1.54 | 0.40 ± 0.56 | 2.25 ± 1.56 | − | − |
| SWO | 1.51 ± 1.20 | 0.35 ± 0.24 | 2.78 ± 1.61 | − | − |
| BD | 1.80 ± 1.17 | 0.50 ± 0.31 | 3.12 ± 1.75 | − | − |
| Bingeing | 1.00 ± 0.83 | 0.23 ± 0.37 | 0.84 ± 0.61 | − | − |
| Purging | 0.45 ± 0.23 | 0.07 ± 0.20 | 0.84 ± 0.80 | − | − |
| EDE-Q total | 1.21 ± 0.90 | 0.30 ± 0.32 | 2.13 ± 0.70 | − | − |
| BIDQ | 1.61 ± 0.64 | 1.34 ± 0.42 | 1.89 ± 0.70 | −0.957 | <0.001*** |
| GASP | |||||
| Guilt-NBE | 5.25 ± 1.49 | 5.43 ± 1.52 | 5.06 ± 1.44 | 0.253 | <0.001*** |
| Guilt-repair | 5.08 ± 1.41 | 5.14 ± 1.49 | 5.02 ± 1.33 | 0.083 | 0.100 |
| Shame-NSE | 4.89 ± 1.43 | 4.96 ± 1.48 | 4.87 ± 1.38 | 0.070 | 0.148 |
| Shame-withdraw | 3.83 ± 1.41 | 3.64 ± 1.47 | 4.01 ± 1.32 | −0.265 | <0.001*** |
| Depression | 6.09 ± 4.40 | 4.48 ± 3.70 | 7.71 ± 4.53 | −0.781 | <0.001*** |
| Anxiety | 4.60 ± 1.71 | 3.08 ± 1.36 | 6.12 ± 2.39 | −0.777 | <0.001*** |
| Distress | 7.24 ± 4.96 | 5.68 ± 4.60 | 8.80 ± 5.12 | −0.639 | <0.001*** |
| BMI | 23.3 ± 3.72 | 22.5 ± 2.95 | 24.2 ± 4.2 | −0.451 | <0.001*** |
Data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test. Cohen’s d values were calculated to evaluate effect size; small = 0.2, moderate = 0.5, large = 0.8. Data are presented as mean ± SD. BD, body dissatisfaction; BIDQ, body image disturbance questionnaire; BMI, body mass index; EDE-Q, eating disorder examination questionnaire; ER, eating restraint; GASP, guilt and shame proneness scale; Guilt-NBE, guilt-negative behavior evaluation; Shame-NSE, shame-negative self-evaluation; SWO, shape and weight over-evaluation. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Bold values indicate statistically significant differences.