Table 2.

Effect of Laurel EO - based NEms on Varroa destructor

Treatment	0.day	7.day	14.day	21.day	28.day	Overall	T F (p)	Tm F (p)	T*Tm F (p)
L-50 ppm	25.0 ± 1.38gh	13.0 ± 1.26d	11.4 ± 1.03cd	9.8 ± 0.8b−d	11.0 ± 0.89b−d	14.0 ± 1.22y	43.096 (< 0.001)	84.252 (< 0.001)	20.820 (< 0.001)
L-100 ppm	23.0 ± 0.95e−g	12.6 ± 0.68d	10.8 ± 0.58b−d	7.4 ± 0.93ab	7.8 ± 0.8a−c	12.3 ± 1.20y
L-200 ppm	20.2 ± 2.22e	12.8 ± 1.36d	13.0 ± 1.18d	11.2 ± 1.07cd	6.0 ± 0.89a	12.6 ± 1.09y
P-Control	20.4 ± 1.86e	13.4 ± 0.93d	13.0 ± 0.71d	10.0 ± 0.71b−d	12.2 ± 0.86d	13.8 ± 0.84y
N-Control	21.4 ± 0.68ef	21.6 ± 1.36e−g	24.2 ± 1.07f−h	27.0 ± 0.63h	27.4 ± 1.71i	24.2 ± 0.83z
Time	22.0 ± 0.72B	14.7 ± 0.85A	14.5 ± 1.08A	13.1 ± 1.48A	13.4 ± 1.82A	15.5 ± 0.63

**^{A; B}: Shows statistically significant differences between different time intervals within the same row; ^Y−Z: Shows statistically significant differences between different applications within the same row; ^{a, b,.,i}: Shows statistically significant differences between different application and time interval interactions. T: treatment, Tm: time, T*Tm: interaction. L: Laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oil-based nanoemulsion; 50, 100, 200 ppm: nanoemulsion concentrations; P-control: positive control (fluemethrin); N-control: negative control