Fig. 3. In vitro cytotoxicity of BT-Cl NPs combined with ultrasound. (a) Fluorescence images of 4T1 cells stained with DCFH-DA after different treatments. Scale bar: 50 µm. (b and c) Flow cytometry histograms and corresponding MFI quantification of intracellular ROS levels in different groups. (d) Viability of 4T1 cells treated with different concentrations of BT-Cl NPs in the presence or absence of ultrasound (US). (e and f) Fluorescence images of 4T1 cells stained with Calcein-AM/PI and JC-1 following various treatments with or without US irradiation (1 W cm−2). Scale bar, 300 µm. (g and h) Flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V-FITC/PI double-stained cells within 4T1 cells after various treatments and corresponding statistical quantification. ****p < 0.0001.
