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. 2026 Sep 8;16:28064. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-68500-y

Table 4.

Green metrics-based comparison between the proposed analytical methodology and an established chromatographic method reported in the literature.

Analytical Eco-Scale The reported method18 The proposed method
Penalty points Penalty points
Reagents Sodium hydroxide 2 0.01 N HCl 0
Acetonitrile 4 0.04 M BR buffer 2
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 Liquid Paraffin 2
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate 2 Graphite powder 1
PEG (400) 0
Energy consumption 2 0
Occupational hazard 0 0
Waste 5 5
Total penalty points 17 10
Score 83 (excellent green analysis) 90 (excellent green analysis)
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Complex GAPI graphic file with name 41598_2026_68500_Figc_HTML.gif graphic file with name 41598_2026_68500_Figd_HTML.gif
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