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. 2026 Aug 26;18:1848105. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2026.1848105

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Copyright © 2026 Lin, Grewal and Byrne.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Panel A shows cumulative attainment of predicted probability greater than 0.90 among participants with at least six serial assessments. Panel B shows k = 2 AUC stratified by inter-assessment interval, with similar performance for 6-12 and 12-18 months and lower performance beyond 18 months. — Time-to-predicted-probability threshold and minimum time-window analysis. (A) Shows cumulative attainment of predicted probability greater than 0.90 among participants with at least 6 serial assessments; this exploratory analysis used a full-sample 500-tree model and uncalibrated probabilities. (B) Shows k = 2 AUC stratified by inter-assessment interval, with equivalent performance at 6–12 and 12–18 months and lower performance beyond 18 months.