Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of patients undergoing ERCP in the National Inpatient Sample (2016–2022), weighted for sample design, stratified by high-risk comorbidity status*

Variable	No high-risk comorbidity n = 904,234	High-risk comorbidity n = 267,739	p-value
Demographics
Female sex	540,244 (59.7)	120,674 (45.1)	< 0.001
Age, mean ± SD (y)	57.6 ± 19.6	71.8 ± 13.7	< 0.001
Medicare	375,294 (41.5)	196,664 (73.5)	< 0.001
Medicaid	154,709 (17.1)	22,194 (8.3)	< 0.001
Private insurance	295,164 (32.6)	39,294 (14.7)	< 0.001
Residence—large metropolitan	495,749 (54.8)	142,714 (53.3)	< 0.001
Residence—small city/micropolitan	271,674 (30.0)	81,139 (30.3)	0.01
Residence—small town	133,929 (14.8)	43,139 (16.1)	< 0.001
Elective admission	64,079 (7.1)	16,444 (6.1)	< 0.001
Primary ERCP diagnosis
Pancreatic cancer	75,669 (8.4)	21,364 (8.0)	< 0.001
Choledocholithiasis	434,779 (48.1)	135,344 (50.6)	< 0.001
Chronic pancreatitis	10,049 (1.1)	14,119 (5.3)	< 0.001
Comorbidities
Charlson comorbidity index, mean ± SD	1.5 ± 2.4	4.2 ± 2.7	< 0.001
Type 2 diabetes	187,109 (20.7)	115,709 (43.2)	< 0.001
Hyperlipidemia	278,484 (30.8)	133,889 (50.0)	< 0.001
Obstructive sleep apnea	52,294 (5.8)	30,589 (11.4)	< 0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	51,824 (5.7)	37,234 (13.9)	< 0.001
Class III + obesity	63,269 (7.0)	20,204 (7.5)	< 0.001
Chronic kidney disease†	–	152,649 (57.0)	< 0.001
Chronic heart failure†	–	117,609 (43.9)	< 0.001
Liver cirrhosis†	–	64,074 (23.9)	< 0.001

^*High-risk comorbidity defined as presence of chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, or liver cirrhosis

^†By study definition, high-risk group only

Values are n (%) unless otherwise indicated