Table 2.
Risk of bias results
| Study (Year) | Selection (0–5) | Comparability (0–2) | Outcome (0–3) | Total NOS Score | Quality Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lubega 2005 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | Low risk |
| Brown 2005 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | Moderate risk |
| Ige 2012 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | Low risk |
| Okoromah 2012 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | Moderate risk |
| Miller 2013 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | Low risk |
| Chelo 2015 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | Low risk |
| Arodiwe 2016 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | Moderate risk |
| Namuyonga 2016 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | Low risk |
| Sanyahumbi 2017 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | Low risk |
| Majonga 2018 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | Low risk |
| McCrary 2018 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 | Low risk |
| Manafe 2019 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | Moderate risk |
| Frigati 2019 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 | Low risk |
| Mahtab 2020 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 | Low risk |
| McCrary 2020 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 | Low risk |
| Duru 2020 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | Moderate risk |
| Majonga 2020 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | Low risk |
| Wubayehu 2020 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | Low risk |
| Arodiwe 2023 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | Moderate risk |
| Garba 2023 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | Low risk |