Table 4.

Meta-regression summary of study-level factors associated with LVSD

Variable	Studies (n)	Co-efficient	SE	Z	OR	95% CI	p-value	Interpretation
ART % (per 10% increase)	17	-0.29	0.11	-2.58	0.75	0.60–0.93	0.01	Higher ART coverage associated with lower LVSD prevalence
AIDS % (per 10% increase)	13	-0.30	0.18	-1.65	0.74	0.52–1.06	0.10	No significant relationship
ART era (pre-ART REF)	20	-2.31	0.62	-3.75	0.10	0.03–0.33	< 0.001	Significant reduction in LVSD in the ART era
Echocardiographic method (EF REF)	19	2.16	0.48	4.46	8.67	3.35–22.38	< 0.001	FS yields higher prevalence estimates
Study quality (moderate REF)	20	-1.79	0.64	-2.80	0.17	0.05–0.58	0.005	Higher-quality studies report lower prevalence