Table 1.

Eligibility criteria.

Domain	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Participants	Studies must involve LCS of workers	Studies of workers whose employment played no direct or indirect role in their participation in the LCS e.g. studies that retrospectively analyse occupation of LCS participants
Concept	Studies must clearly state the screening modalities e.g. use of either LDCT, biomarkers, other imaging technologies other than LDCT, or their combinations
Context	Studies must have been conducted in any type of occupational setting in any country in the world	Studies of population–based LCS without clear recruitment from occupational settings
Types of evidence sources and design	Both primary and secondary sources, including randomized controlled trials, non–randomized controlled trials, observational studies, pilot studies, systematic reviews, etc. In addition, gray literature, particularly conference abstracts/proceedings were also considered.	Retrospective cohort studies that do not describe or evaluate the actual screening intervention (e.g., studies assessing occupational exposures or mortality)
Language	Only studies published in English or German language	Studies with English abstract but has full text in another language other than English or German
Year of publication	Only studies published between 2013 and 2024 (since USPSTF issued its first recommendation for LCS with LDCT in 2013)