LTP induced by theta frequency stimulation is dependent on translation and independent of transcription. (A) LTP induced by theta frequency stimulation is long lasting. Sample traces 10 min before and 3 and 4 h after theta frequency stimulation are shown in the insets. Calibrations: 3 mV, 4 msec. (B) Application of protein synthesis inhibitor emetine (100 μM) blocked the late phase of LTP induced by theta frequency stimulation. (○) Control; (•) emetine. The addition of emetine did not alter the baseline EPSPs (Δ, n = 5). (C) Application of transcriptional inhibitor Actinomycin D (40 μM) did not block the late phase of LTP induced by theta frequency stimulation. (○) control; (•) Actinomycin D. (D) Application of actinomycin D significantly blocked the late phase of LTP induced by four trains of 100-Hz stimulation (3-min apart). (○) Control; (•) Actinomycin D. Sample traces in the insets on B,C,D were taken 10 min before and 180 min after LTP-inducing stimulation. Calibrations: 2 mV, 4 msec.