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. 2005 Nov;12(6):646–655. doi: 10.1101/lm.88005

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Learning-induced changes in Shc and Erk1/2 in healthy and DM rats. (A) Levels of Shc protein species from different groups were measured on Western blots that were normalized with those of actin. The Shc/actin ratios from swimming controls and trained animals were converted to percent ratios from naive animals and compared with t-tests between healthy and DM animals. (A-1) Learning-induced changes in Shc in cytosolic fractions. (A-2) Learning-induced changes in Shc in synaptic membrane fractions. (B) Changes in levels and phosphorylation of Erk1/2 after learning. The Erk protein levels were measured with immunoblotting and normalized with levels of actin. Activation of Erk1/2 was detected with an anti-pErk1/3 antibody, and normalized with the total amount of Erk1/2 to determine the extent of its phosphorylation. The normalized ratios from swimming controls and trained rats were converted to percent ratios from naive animals and compared with t-tests between healthy and DM animals. (B-1) Changes in the total and phosphorylated Erk1/2 in the cytosolic fraction. (B-2) Changes in the total and phosphorylated Erk1/2 in the synaptic membrane fraction. Normal, healthy rats; DM, diabetic rats; N, naive rats; SW, swimming control rats; T, trained rats; S2, cytosolic fractions; P2M, synaptic membrane fractions. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.