Table 2.

Comparison of learner satisfaction between CBL-BOPPPS group and traditional group (Kirkpatrick level 1: reaction).

Items	CBL-BOPPPS Group (n = 38)	Traditional Group (n = 38)	P value
The teaching method enhanced my active participation in learning	4.4 ± 0.8	3.9 ± 1.0	0.013
The course encouraged me to think independently	4.5 ± 0.7	4.1 ± 0.9	0.044
Learning objectives were clearly explained	4.5 ± 0.8	4.0 ± 1.0	0.040
Key concepts were presented in a clear and understandable manner	4.5 ± 0.7	4.1 ± 1.0	0.025
The teaching helped bridge theory and clinical application	4.5 ± 0.7	4.2 ± 0.9	0.042
Overall satisfaction with the teaching method	4.6 ± 0.7	4.1 ± 1.0	0.025
I would recommend this teaching method to other students	4.7 ± 0.6	4.1 ± 0.8	< 0.001

The maximum score for each item is 5 points.