Figure 4.

Recombination frequencies of the different recombination sites and substrates. For a given substrate, the black bar indicates the recombination frequencies established in the in vivo recombination assay with non-replicative ss substrate and the light gray bar the corresponding value in the recombination control assay in replication permissive conditions, as described in Materials and methods. Recombination frequencies (vertical axis of histogram) correspond to the average of three independent trials. Error bars show standard deviations. For clarity, the recombination site, the strand–bs (bottom) or ts (top)—injected by conjugation, the orientation (+) and (−) of the oriT and the integrase used are indicated below plasmid names.