ABMIL	Attention-based multiple-instance learning
AI	Artificial intelligence
aMIL	Additive multiple-instance learning
apCAF	Antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblast
AQP4	Aquaporin 4
AUC	Area under the curve
CAF	Cancer-associated fibroblast
CAF-S1	Cancer-associated fibroblast subset 1
CAR-T	Chimeric antigen receptor T cell
CD4	Cluster of differentiation 4
CD8	Cluster of differentiation 8
CD74	Cluster of differentiation 74
CNN	Convolutional neural network
COL5A1	Collagen type V alpha 1 chain
COL11A1	Collagen type XI alpha 1 chain
CTLA-4	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
CXCL9	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9
CXCL10	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10
CXCL12	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12
CXCR4	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4
DINOv2	Self-supervised vision transformer model
DPP4	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
ECM	Extracellular matrix
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FAP	Fibroblast activation protein
FBLN1	Fibulin 1
GPU	Graphics processing unit
H&E	Hematoxylin and eosin
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
HE2RNA	H&E-to-RNA prediction model
HEST	Histology and spatial transcriptomics
HRD	Homologous recombination deficiency
ICB	Immune checkpoint blockade
IF	Immunofluorescence
IL-1	Interleukin-1
IL-2	Interleukin-2
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IMC	Imaging mass cytometry
iCAF	Inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblast
JAK/STAT	Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription
LAMP5	Lysosomal-associated membrane protein family member 5
LLM	Large language model
LRRC15	Leucine-rich repeat containing 15
matCAF	Matrix-producing cancer-associated fibroblast
MCAM	Melanoma cell adhesion molecule
MDSC	Myeloid-derived suppressor cell
MHC-II	Major histocompatibility complex class II
MIL	Multiple instance learning
mIF	Multiplex immunofluorescence
MSI	Microsatellite instability
myCAF	Myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblast
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
NK	Natural killer
NKG2A	Natural killer group 2A
NOX1	NADPH oxidase 1
NOX4	NADPH oxidase 4
NSCLC	Non-small-cell lung cancer
PD-1	Programmed cell death protein 1
PD-L1	Programmed death-ligand 1
PDGFR	Platelet-derived growth factor receptor
POLE	DNA polymerase epsilon
RGS5	Regulator of G protein signaling 5
SaMD	Software as a medical device
SDC1	Syndecan 1
SPP1	Secreted phosphoprotein 1
SSL	Self-supervised learning
TAM	Tumor-associated macrophage
TCGA	The Cancer Genome Atlas
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
THBS1	Thrombospondin 1
TIL	Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte
TLS	Tertiary lymphoid structure
TMB	Tumor mutational burden
TME	Tumor microenvironment
Treg	Regulatory T cell
TSR	Tumor-stroma ratio
vCAF	Vascular cancer-associated fibroblast
ViT-B	Vision Transformer Base
ViT-L	Vision Transformer Large
WSI	Whole-slide image
YAP1	Yes-associated protein 1
α-SMA	Alpha-smooth muscle actin