| CI | Confidence interval |
| CO2 | Carbon dioxide |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| EMS | Emergency medical services |
| HRF | Hypercapnic respiratory failure |
| ICD-10-AM | International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Australian Modification |
| IQR | Interquartile range |
| OR | Odds ratio |
| SMPP | Emergency medical care paramedic |
| SMPSS | Emergency medical care nursing specialist |
| SpO2 | Peripheral oxygen saturation |
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