3-MCPD	3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol
4-HHE	4-hydroxy-2-hexenal
4-HNE	4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
8-OHdG	8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AFB1	Aflatoxin B1
AGEs	Advanced glycation end-products
AhR	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Akt	Protein kinase B
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
AP-1	Activator protein 1
ARE	Antioxidant response element
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
Aβ	Amyloid beta
BaP	Benzo[a]pyrene
BHA	Butylated hydroxyanisole
BHT	Butylated hydroxytoluene
CAT	Catalase
CDS	Cognitive dysfunction syndrome
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
CML	Nε-carboxymethyllysine
CNS	Central nervous system
CoQ10	Coenzyme Q10
CRC	Colorectal cancer
CYP	Cytochrome P450
DHA	Docosahexaenoic acid
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
EGCG	Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
EPA	Eicosapentaenoic acid
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
ETC	Electron transport chain
GPx	Glutathione peroxidase
GPx4	Glutathione peroxidase 4
GSH	Reduced glutathione
GSSG	Oxidized glutathione
GST	Glutathione S-transferase
HAT	Hydrogen atom transfer
HCAs	Heterocyclic aromatic amines
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
HO-1	Heme oxygenase-1
H2O2	Hydrogen peroxide
IARC	International Agency for Research on Cancer
IBD	Inflammatory bowel disease
IL-6	Interleukin-6
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
Keap1	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
LOPs	Lipid oxidation products
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
MAM	Mitochondria-associated membrane
MDA	Malondialdehyde
MG-H1	Methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1
MnSOD	Manganese superoxide dismutase
mTOR	Mechanistic target of rapamycin
NAFLD	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
NO	Nitric oxide
NOCs	N-nitroso compounds
Nox/NOX	NADPH oxidase
NQO1	NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1
Nrf2/NRF2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
O2•−	Superoxide anion radical
oxLDL	Oxidized low-density lipoprotein
•OH	Hydroxyl radical
PAHs	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 α
PICs	Processing-induced contaminants
PUFAs	Polyunsaturated fatty acids
RAGE	Receptor for advanced glycation end-products
ROO•	Peroxyl radical
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SCFA	Short-chain fatty acid
SET	Single electron transfer
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
SPMs	Specialized pro-resolving mediators
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TBARS	Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
TBHQ	tert-butylhydroquinone
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor α
TRX2	Mitochondrial thioredoxin 2
TrxR	Thioredoxin reductase
UPFPs	Ultra-processed food products
UPR	Unfolded protein response
1O2	Singlet oxygen