AI	Artificial intelligence
AUC	Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
BC	Bladder cancer
BCG	Bacillus Calmette–Guérin
BPH	Benign prostatic hyperplasia
BTA	Bladder tumor antigen
cfDNA	Cell-free DNA
CIS	Carcinoma in situ
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
CNA	Copy-number alteration
ctDNA	Circulating tumor DNA
DRE	Digital rectal examination
EVs	Extracellular vesicles
FDA	U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FISH	Fluorescence in situ hybridization
GG	Grade Group
HG	High-grade
LG	Low-grade
MMP	Matrix metalloproteinase
mpMRI	Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging
MPS	Michigan Prostate Score/MyProstateScore
MPS2	MyProstateScore 2.0
MRI	Magnetic resonance imaging
MRD	Molecular residual disease
NMIBC	Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
NPV	Negative predictive value
PC	Prostate cancer
PCA3	Prostate cancer antigen 3
PI-RADS	Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System
PSA	Prostate-specific antigen
QALY	Quality-adjusted life year
RCC	Renal cell carcinoma
SNV	Single-nucleotide variant
TDM	Treatment-decision monitoring
TURBT	Transurethral resection of bladder tumor
UTI	Urinary tract infection
UTUC	Upper-tract urothelial carcinoma
VHL	von Hippel–Lindau