| CBAM | Convolutional Block Attention Module |
| CAD | Conventional computer-aided diagnosis |
| AI | Artificial intelligence |
| CNNs | Convolutional Neural Networks |
| ML | Machine Learning |
| GLCM | Gray-Level Co-occurrence |
| LBP | Local Binary Patterns |
| HOG | Histogram of Oriented Gradients |
| DT | Decision Trees |
| RF | Random Forests |
| ROI | Region of Interest |
| PCA | Principal Component Analysis |
| RFE | Recursive Feature Elimination |
| SVM | Support Vector Machine |
| KNN | k-Nearest Neighbors |
| AUC | Area Under the Curve |
| NCGNN | Node-Level Capsule Graph Neural Network |
| GOA | Gazelle Optimization Algorithm |
| MURA | Musculoskeletal Radiographs |
| ROC | Receiver Operating Characteristic |
| ShPCNNet | Shuffle Parallel Convolutional Neural Network |
| GPU | Graphics Processing Unit |
| TP | True Positive |
| TN | True Negative |
| FP | False Positive |
| FN | False Negative |
| SE | Squeeze-and-Excitation |
| Grad-CAM | Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping |
| CT | Computed Tomography |
| MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| PACS | Picture Archiving and Communication System |
| RIS | Radiology Information System |
| MCC | Matthews Correlation Coefficient |
| GFLOPs | Giga Floating-Point Operations per Second |
| S | Second |
| Min | Minute |
| Ms | Millisecond |
| Avg | Average |