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. 2026 Sep 3;16(17):2841. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics16172841
CBAM Convolutional Block Attention Module
CAD Conventional computer-aided diagnosis
AI Artificial intelligence
CNNs Convolutional Neural Networks
ML Machine Learning
GLCM Gray-Level Co-occurrence
LBP Local Binary Patterns
HOG Histogram of Oriented Gradients
DT Decision Trees
RF Random Forests
ROI Region of Interest
PCA Principal Component Analysis
RFE Recursive Feature Elimination
SVM Support Vector Machine
KNN k-Nearest Neighbors
AUC Area Under the Curve
NCGNN Node-Level Capsule Graph Neural Network
GOA Gazelle Optimization Algorithm
MURA Musculoskeletal Radiographs
ROC Receiver Operating Characteristic
ShPCNNet Shuffle Parallel Convolutional Neural Network
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
TP True Positive
TN True Negative
FP False Positive
FN False Negative
SE Squeeze-and-Excitation
Grad-CAM Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping
CT Computed Tomography
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PACS Picture Archiving and Communication System
RIS Radiology Information System
MCC Matthews Correlation Coefficient
GFLOPs Giga Floating-Point Operations per Second
S Second
Min Minute
Ms Millisecond
Avg Average