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. 2026 Aug 23;27(17):7549. doi: 10.3390/ijms27177549
2-AG 2-Arachidonoylglycerol
AKT Protein kinase B
AML1a Acute myeloid leukaemia 1a
AMP Adenosine monophosphate
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
ANGPT2 Angiopoietin 2
AP-1 Activator protein 1
APAF1 Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1
APC APC regulator of WNT signalling
ASK1 Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
ATF Activating transcription factor
ATM Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
BAD BCL2-associated agonist of cell death
BAX BCL2-associated X protein
BCL-2 B-cell lymphoma 2 protein
BCL2 BCL2 apoptosis regulator gene
BID BH3-interacting domain death agonist
BiP Binding immunoglobulin protein
BIRC3 Baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3
BRAF B-Raf proto-oncogene
CASP3 Caspase 3
CASP8 Caspase 8
CASP9 Caspase 9
CB Cannabinoid receptor
CB1R Cannabinoid receptor type 1
CB2R Cannabinoid receptor type 2
CBD Cannabidiol
CCND1 Cyclin D1
CD103 Cluster of differentiation 103
CD44 Cluster of differentiation 44
CD8+ Cluster of differentiation 8-positive
Cdc2 Cell division cycle 2
CDK Cyclin-dependent kinase
CDK1 Cyclin-dependent kinase 1
CDK2 Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
CHOP CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein
CIK Cytokine-induced killer
CIN Chromosomal instability
CNR1 Cannabinoid receptor 1 gene
COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2
CpG Cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotide
CSC Cancer stem cell
CXCL C-X-C motif chemokine ligand
CXCL10 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10
CXCL16 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16
CXCL8 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8; interleukin-8
CXCL9 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9
DCs Dendritic cells
Δ9-THC Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
EGF Epidermal growth factor
EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor
EMT Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
ER Endoplasmic reticulum
ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ERK1/2 Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2
ET-1 Endothelin-1
FLT1 Fms-related receptor tyrosine kinase 1
FOXM1 Forkhead box M1
GBM Glioblastoma
GDF15 Growth differentiation factor 15
GPCR G protein-coupled receptor
GPR55 G protein-coupled receptor 55
HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma
HER2 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
HIF-1α Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha
HUVEC Human umbilical vein endothelial cell
ICAM-1 Intercellular adhesion molecule 1
ID-1 Inhibitor of DNA binding 1
IDO1 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
IFN-β Interferon beta
IFN-γ Interferon gamma
IL-10 Interleukin-10
IL-17 Interleukin-17
IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta
IL-1R Interleukin-1 receptor
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-8 Interleukin-8
IRE1 Inositol-requiring enzyme 1
IRE1α Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha
JAK Janus kinase
JAK-STAT Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription
JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase
JNK1/2 c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 and 2
KDR Kinase insert domain receptor
KRAS KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase
LC3-II Lipidated form II of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
LPI Lysophosphatidylinositol
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDSC Myeloid-derived suppressor cell
MEK Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase
MGMT O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
MMP Matrix metalloproteinase
MMP-2 Matrix metalloproteinase 2 protein
MMP-9 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 protein
MMP2 Matrix metalloproteinase 2 gene
MMP9 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 gene
MMPs Matrix metalloproteinases
mTOR Mechanistic target of rapamycin
MYC MYC proto-oncogene
NADPH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NGF Nerve growth factor
NK Natural killer
NKT Natural killer T
NOX4 NADPH oxidase 4
NOXA Pro-apoptotic NOXA protein; encoded by PMAIP1
NRF2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
p21 Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A
p22phox Phagocyte oxidase p22 subunit
p27 Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B
p38 MAPK p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
p53 Tumour protein p53
p65 Nuclear factor κB p65 subunit
PAI-1 Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
PANC-1 Human pancreatic carcinoma cell line PANC-1
PDGF-AA Platelet-derived growth factor AA
PERK Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
PHB Prohibitin
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PIK3CA Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha
PPARγ Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
RAF Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma
RAS Rat sarcoma
RB Retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein
RB1 Retinoblastoma 1 tumour suppressor gene
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SCFA Short-chain fatty acid
SRC SRC proto-oncogene
STAT Signal transducer and activator of transcription
STAT1 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
STAT3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TBI Traumatic brain injury
TEK TEK receptor tyrosine kinase
THC Tetrahydrocannabinol
TIMP-1 Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1
TLR Toll-like receptor
TLR3 Toll-like receptor 3
TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4
TME Tumour microenvironment
TMZ Temozolomide
TNBC Triple-negative breast cancer
TNF-α Tumour necrosis factor alpha
TP53 Tumour protein p53 gene
TRP Transient receptor potential
TRPM8 Transient receptor potential melastatin 8
TRPV Transient receptor potential vanilloid
TRPV1 Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1
TRPV2 Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2
TRPV4 Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGFA Vascular endothelial growth factor A
VHL Von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor
WIN 55,212-2 Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2