| SNP | Single nucleotide polymorphism |
| GWAS | Genome-wide association study |
| GS | genomic selection |
| CA | Covariate Adjustment |
| BIC | Bayesian Information Criterion |
| QTNs | pseudo-quantitative trait nucleotides |
| BLINK | Bayesian-information and linkage-disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway |
| PCs | The first three principal components |
| CW | Carcass weight |
| LW | Live weight |
| DP | Dressing percentage |
| MLM | Mixed linear model |
| gEBVs | Genomic estimated breeding values |
| GBTS | Genotyping by Target Sequencing |
| MAF | Minor allele frequency |
| PCA | Principal component analysis |
| NJ | Neighbor-joining |
| GAPIT | Genome association and prediction integrated tool |
| MAS | Marker-Assisted Selection |
| MABLUP | Marker-Assisted Best Linear Unbiased Prediction |
| LM | Linear model |