| DP | Diabetes-associated periodontitis |
| P. gingivalis | Porphyromonas gingivalis |
| V. parvula | Veillonella parvula |
| HGECs | Human gingival epithelial cells |
| IBD | Inflammatory bowel disease |
| iNOS | Inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| 3-NT | 3-Nitro-L-tyrosine |
| FPG | Fasting plasma glucose |
| BHI | Brain Heart Infusion |
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