FIGURE 2. Mobilization, physical activity (Actigraph), fatigue and sleep quality, and daily and leisure activity after open or laparoscopic colonic resection (P > 0.05 between groups at all intervals, except for sleep quality; * = P < 0.05). Changes in pulmonary function (FEV₁, FVC, and PEF) showed a statistical decrease in both groups (Friedman test). Wilcoxon test shows that FEV₁ was back to preoperative values 48 hours postoperatively in the open group and FVC and PEF on day 8. In the laparoscopic group, FEV₁ returned to be preoperative values 8 days postoperatively, but not FVC and PEF.