Table 1.
General characteristics of study participants across tertiles of egg intakea
| Egg tertiles | P b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (n = 177) |
T2 (n = 178) |
T3 (n = 178) |
||
| Egg consumption (g/d) | < 15.13 | 15.13–29.78 | > 29.78 | |
| Mean egg consumption (g/d) | 8.14 ± 5.83 | 21.37 ± 4.25 | 51.09 ± 20.00 | < 0.001 |
| Age (year) | 41.72 ± 11.52 | 44.01 ± 10.66 | 42.00 ± 11.18 | 0.10 |
| Sex [n, (%)] | 019 | |||
| Male | 94 (53.1) | 88 (49.4) | 105 (59.0) | |
| Female | 83 (49.6) | 90 (50.6) | 73 (41.0) | |
| Weight (kg) | 76.34 ± 16.70 | 73.87 ± 12.29 | 76.92 ± 14.10 | 0.11 |
| Height (cm) | 167.34 ± 8.71 | 166.31 ± 7.72 | 169.16 ± 8.94 | 0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.14 ± 4.90 | 26.70 ± 3.91 | 26.87 ± 4.39 | 0.64 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 93.79 ± 12.79 | 91.55 ± 10.01 | 92.55 ± 11.36 | 0.19 |
| Serum MDA (nmol/mL) | 176.17 ± 96.29 | 175.84 ± 90.96 | 158.29 ± 86.70 | 0.11 |
| Serum GPx (mU/mL) | 1.80 ± 2.92 | 2.23 ± 5.09 | 1.86 ± 2.89 | 0.52 |
| Serum SOD (Unit) | 1.08 ± 0.48 | 1.12 ± 0.51 | 1.17 ± 0.49 | 0.18 |
| Serum hs-CRP (mg/L) | 3.36 ± 3.16 | 3.01 ± 2.83 | 3.19 ± 2.78 | 0.52 |
| Marital status [n, (%)] | 0.14 | |||
| Single | 36 (20.3) | 24 (13.5) | 26 (14.6) | |
| Married | 142 (79.7) | 150 (84.3) | 149 (83.7) | |
| Divorced or widowed | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.2) | 3 (1.7) | |
| Education level [n, (%)] | 0.03 | |||
| Diploma or lower | 11 (6.2) | 27 (15.2) | 21 (11.8) | |
| Higher than diploma | 166 (93.8) | 151 (84.8) | 157 (88.2) | |
| Physical activity (HEPA) [n, (%)] | 0.41 | |||
| Inactive | 109 (61.6) | 101 (56.7) | 92 (51.7) | |
| Minimally active | 57 (32.2) | 62 (34.8) | 70 (39.3) | |
| Active | 11 (6.2) | 15 (8.4) | 16 (9.0) | |
| Smoking status [n, (%)] | 0.16 | |||
| Non-smoker | 167 (94.4) | 164 (92.1) | 172 (96.6) | |
| Ex-smoker | 3 (1.7) | 7 (3.9) | 5 (2.8) | |
| Smoker | 7 (4.0) | 7 (3.9) | 1 (0.6) | |
| House ownership [n, (%)] | 0.33 | |||
| Tenant | 36 (20.3) | 44 (4.7) | 48 (27.0) | |
| Owner | 141 (79.7) | 134 (75.3) | 130 (73.0) | |
| Approximate income of the family [n, (%)] | 0.89 | |||
| Very low | 22 (12.4) | 22 (12.4) | 26 (14.6) | |
| Low | 61 (34.5) | 56 (31.5) | 55 (30.9) | |
| Moderate | 65 (36.7) | 68 (38.2) | 60 (33.7) | |
| High | 29 (16.4) | 32 (18.0) | 37 (20.8) | |
| Antidepressantc usage [n, (%)] | 0.20 | |||
| Non-user | 165 (93.2) | 167 (93.8) | 173 (97.2) | |
| User | 12 (6.8) | 11 (6.2) | 5 (2.8) | |
| BMI status [n, (%)] | 0.71 | |||
| Normal weight | 55 (31.1) | 56 (31.5) | 62 (34.8) | |
| Overweight or obese | 122 (68.9) | 122 (68.5) | 116 (65.2) | |
Abbreviations:n Number, BMI Body mass index, MDA Malonaldehyde, GPx Glutathione peroxidase, hs-CRP High-sensitive C-reactive protein, HEPA Health-enhancing physical activity
aContinuous variables are reported as mean ± SD, categorical variables are reported as count (percentage)
bObtained from one-way ANOVA and the Pearson chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively
cIncluding nortriptyline, amitriptyline, imipramine, fluoxetine, citalopram, and fluvoxamine