Table 4.
Sex-stratified multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for being depressed, anxious, and highly psychologically distressed across tertiles of egg intakea
| Egg tertiles | Each tertile increase | P trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | |||
| Egg consumption (g/d) | < 15.13 | 15.13–29.78 | > 29.78 | ||
| Depression | |||||
| Men | |||||
| Case/participants (n) | 21/94 | 14/88 | 9/105 | ||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.66 (0.31–1.39) | 0.33 (0.14–0.75) | 0.58 (0.39–0.87) | 0.01 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.60 (0.27–1.35) | 0.32 (0.14–0.74) | 0.57 (0.37–0.86) | 0.01 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.51 (0.21–1.24) | 0.25 (0.10–0.66) | 0.50 (0.32–0.81) | 0.01 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.52 (0.21–1.27) | 0.26 (0.10–0.66) | 0.51 (0.32–0.81) | 0.01 |
| Women | |||||
| Case/participants (n) | 22/83 | 22/90 | 13/73 | ||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.45–1.78) | 0.60 (0.28–1.30) | 0.78 (0.54–1.14) | 0.21 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.43–1.77) | 0.63 (0.29–1.37) | 0.80 (0.54–1.17) | 0.25 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.43–2.08) | 0.61 (0.25–1.53) | 0.80 (0.51–1.24) | 0.32 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.43–2.08) | 0.61 (0.25–1.52) | 0.80 (0.51–1.24) | 0.32 |
| Anxiety | |||||
| Men | |||||
| Case/participants (n) | 7/94 | 1/88 | 4/105 | ||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.14 (0.02–1.19) | 0.49 (0.14–1.74) | 0.64 (0.31–1.32) | 0.23 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.15 (0.02–1.34) | 0.49 (0.14–1.73) | 0.65 (0.32–1.32) | 0.24 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.11 (0.01–1.17) | 0.48 (0.12–1.96) | 0.65 (0.30–1.43) | 0.28 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.10 (0.01–1.04) | 0.46 (0.11–1.87) | 0.64 (0.29–1.41) | 0.27 |
| Women | |||||
| Case/participants (n) | 5/83 | 5/90 | 5/73 | ||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.26–3.29) | 1.15 (0.32–4.13) | 1.07 (0.56–2.06) | 0.84 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.24–3.26) | 1.19 (0.33–4.30) | 1.09 (0.56–2.11) | 0.80 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.23–4.81) | 2.48 (0.47–13.01) | 1.57 (0.66–3.70) | 0.31 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.22–4.75) | 2.49 (0.47–13.15) | 1.57 (0.66–3.72) | 0.31 |
| High psychological distress | |||||
| Men | |||||
| Case/participants (n) | 33/94 | 31/88 | 24/105 | ||
| Crude | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.55–1.85) | 0.55 (0.29–1.02) | 0.75 (0.55–1.01) | 0.06 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.49–1.77) | 0.54 (0.29–1.01) | 0.74 (0.54–1.01) | 0.06 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.42–1.68) | 0.51 (0.26–0.99) | 0.71 (0.51–0.99) | 0.04 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.38–1.53) | 0.45 (0.22–0.89) | 0.67 (0.48–0.94) | 0.02 |
| Women | |||||
| Case/participants (n) | 37/83 | 35/90 | 18/73 | ||
| Crude | 1.00 | 0.79 (0.43–1.45) | 0.41 (0.21–0.81) | 0.65 (0.46–0.91) | 0.01 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.73 (0.39–1.36) | 0.41 (0.21–0.82) | 0.65 (0.46–0.91) | 0.01 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.73 (0.37–1.43) | 0.34 (0.16–0.73) | 0.59 (0.41–0.86) | 0.01 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.73 (0.37–1.43) | 0.34 (0.16–0.73) | 0.59 (0.41–0.86) | 0.01 |
Model 1: Adjusted for age and energy intake
Model 2: Additionally, adjusted for marital status, education level, physical activity (HEPA), smoking status, antidepressant usage (nortriptyline, amitriptyline, imipramine, fluoxetine, citalopram, and fluvoxamine), house ownership, approximate income of the family per month, and daily intakes of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, soy, legumes, and low-fat dairy
Model 3: Additionally, adjusted for body mass index (BMI)
Abbreviations: n Number
aAll values are odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. P-trend was obtained by considering indices’ tertiles as a continuous variable rather than categorical