Table 4.

Adverse perinatal outcomes associated with easily recognisable congenital malformations stratified by degree of congenital malformation in a cohort of Gambian neonates born following relatively healthy pregnancy

	Major (n = 39)	Normal (n = 6610)	OR (95%CI)	p-value	Minor (n = 101)	Normal (n = 6610)	OR (95%)	p-value
Birth weighta
Normal	34(0.6)	5949 (99.4)	1.65 (0.50–4.29)	0.29	95 (1.6)	5949 (98.4)	1.40 (0.62–3.94)	0.42
Low	5 (0.9)	527(99.1)			6 (1.1)	527 (98.9)
Macrosomia	0 (0.0)	132 (100.0)	-		0 (0.0)	132 (100.0)	-
1-min Apgarb score
Normal	30 (0.5)	6367 (99.5)			96 (1.5)	6366 (98.5)
Low	9 (3.8)	230 (96.2)	8.33 (3.43–18.27)	< 0.001	5 (2.1)	229 (97.9)	1.45 (0.45–3.54)	0.42
5-min Apgarc score
Normal	36 (0.5)	6547 (99.5)			98 (1.5)	6547 (98.5)		0.04
Low	3 (5.9)	48 (94.1)	11.35 (2.16–37.88)	< 0.001	3 (5.9)	48 (94.1)	4.17 (0.82–13.30)
Neonatal Admission
No	25 (0.4)	6256 (99.6)			87 (1.4)	6256 (98.6)
Yes	14 (3.8)	354 (96.2)	9.89 (4.70–19.97)	< 0.001	14 (3.8)	354 (96.2)	2.84 (1.48–5.09)	< 0.001
Death within 24h
No	35 (0.5)	6605 (99.5)			100 (1.5)	6605 (98.5)
Yes	4 (44.4)	5 (55.6)	148.91 (28.37–728.18)	< 0.001	1 (16.7)	5 (83.3)	13.19 (0.28–119.05)	0.09
Death between 24h and 28 days
No	24 (0.4)	6301 (99.6)			97 (1.5)	6301 (98.5)
Yes	9 (15.3)	50 (84.7)	47.06 (18.30–111.63)	< 0.001	1 (2.0)	50 (98.0)	1.30 (0.03–7.75)	0.80
Overall death on day 28d
No	24 (0.4)	6301 (99.6)			97 (1.5)	6301 (98.5)
Yes	13 (19.1)	55 (80.9)	61.81 (27.40–133.95)	< 0.001	2 (3.5)	55 (96.5)	2.36 (0.28–9.18)	0.22

^a birth weight missing in n = 2

^b 1-min Apgar score missing in n = 15

^c 5-min Apgar score missing in n = 15

^d Survival status on day 28 missing in n = 258