Table 2.

Types and examples of generic PROMs for assessing quality of life in community pharmacy.

Construct	PROM	Description	Reliability of the original version:			Spanish version:
			Language (Country)	Internal consistency	ICC (test–retest)	Internal consistency	ICC (test–retest)
HRQoL	EQ-5D [ 23–24 ]	This is a population preference-based measure comprising one question for each of the five dimensions assessed: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Questions are answered by selecting a health state from either 3 (3-level EQ-5D) or 5 (5-level EQ-5D) possible options, ranging from “no problems” to “extreme problems”. It also includes a visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), on which respondents indicate how they perceive their health status on the day of completion (0 = worse; 100 = best possible). Versions with a format adapted for use in pediatric populations are also available (EQ-5D-Y).	English (United Kingdom)	α = 0.74–0.95	–	α = 0.89–0.94	–
	SF-36 [ 25–27 ]	Includes 36 questions grouped into 8 dimensions: physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional, and mental health. Questions are answered using different types of Likert scales. Overall scores are calculated for the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS).	English (United States)	α = 0.74-0.95	–	α = 0.89-0.94	–
	SF-12 [ 25 , 27 ]	This is a shortened version of the SF-36 questionnaire comprising only 12 questions.	English (United States)	–	0.76–0.89	α = 0.78-0.85	–
	SF-6D [ 28 ]	This is a classification system derived from the SF-36 and SF-12 questionnaires. Studies have been conducted to assess population preferences for the health states defined by this classification, thereby allowing utility values to be estimated (preference-based measure).	–	–	–	–	–
SWB	QOLS [ 29–30 ]	A 16-item questionnaire grouped into 5 domains: physical and material well-being; relationships with other people and social, community and civic activities; personal development and fulfilment; recreation; and independence. Each question is answered using a Likert scale ranging from 0 (“completely dissatisfied”) to 7 (“completely satisfied”), giving a total score ranging from 16 to 112, with higher scores indicating better quality of life (SWB).	English (United States)	α = 0.82-0.92	0.78–0.84	α = 0.89	0.765
	WHOQOL-100 [ 31–32 ]	A 100-item questionnaire grouped into 6 domains: physical capacity; psychological health; level of independence; social relationships; environment; and spirituality, religion and personal beliefs. It also includes one question assessing overall quality of life and perceived general health. Completion is estimated to take approximately 30 minutes. Questions are answered using a Likert scale ranging from 1 (“not at all”) to 5 (“extremely”).	15 different settings (29 languages)	α = 0.71-0.86	0.68–0.90	α = 0.69-0.90	–
	WHOQOL-BREF [ 31–32 ]	Shortened version of the WHOQOL-100 questionnaire comprising only 26 items.	15 different settings (29 languages)	α = 0.66-0.84	–	α = 0.75-0.80	–

ICC: Intraclass Correlation Coefficient; PROM: Patient-Reported Outcome Measure; QOLS: Quality of Life Scale; SF-12: Short Form 12-item; SF-36: Short Form 36-item; SF-6D: Short Form 6 Dimensions; SWB: Subjective Well-Being; WHOQOL: World Health Organization Quality of Life; WHOQOL-BREF: World Health Organization Quality of Life (short version).