Table 2.

Theoretical impairment-based classification for management of pelvic floor dysfunction in female athletes

Impairment classification	Pelvic health examples
Muscle performance	Weakness or lack of endurance in the pelvic floor, and surrounding hip and core musculature
Mobility	Inability to lengthen the pelvic floor, and limited passive range of motion of the hip
Motor control	Inability to anticipate and react to changes in intra-abdominal pressure, or control lower extremity posture and dynamic movement with adequate strength and range of motion
Overload	Excessive intra-abdominal pressure with inappropriate pressure management strategies (e.g. breath-holding, bearing down, and lack of co-contraction of the pelvic floor and abdominal wall musculature)