Table A1.

Measurement items for Human Resource Digital Risk Management (HRDRM) and Sustainable Work–Life Balance (SWLB).

Item code	Revised item
HRDRM1	My organization actively identifies and addresses employee well-being risks associated with digitally intensive work.
HRDRM2	HR policies in my organization help reduce digital overload, techno-stress, and excessive connectivity pressures.
HRDRM3	My organization promotes healthy digital work practices that protect employees' recovery time and psychological well-being.
HRDRM4	HR practices in my organization are regularly adapted to support employee well-being in evolving digital work environments.