Table 3.
Descriptive statistics of measurement items (N = 665).
| Const. | Item | N | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Skew. | Kurt. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRDRM | HRDRM1—Identifies digital work risks systematically | 665 | 1 | 5 | 3.55 | 1.47 | 0.013 | −0.875 |
| HRDRM2—Proactively addresses burnout and digital fatigue | 665 | 1 | 5 | 3.60 | 1.55 | 0.075 | −0.985 | |
| HRDRM3—Contingency plans for digital work pressure | 665 | 1 | 5 | 3.39 | 1.64 | 0.173 | −1.049 | |
| HRDRM4—HR practices reviewed for emerging digital risks | 665 | 1 | 5 | 3.44 | 1.47 | 0.280 | −0.488 | |
| MTU | MTU1—Consciously decides when to use digital technology | 665 | 1 | 5 | 2.86 | 1.17 | 0.251 | −0.811 |
| MTU2—Aware of technology's psychological effects | 665 | 1 | 5 | 3.00 | 1.28 | 0.090 | −1.137 | |
| MTU3—Deliberately limits devices during personal time | 665 | 1 | 5 | 2.86 | 1.19 | 0.208 | −0.984 | |
| MTU4—Engages with purpose; avoids compulsive checking | 665 | 1 | 5 | 2.72 | 1.22 | 0.413 | −0.845 | |
| TBC | TBC1—Proactively sets rules for technology in personal time | 665 | 1 | 5 | 2.95 | 1.17 | 0.105 | −0.852 |
| TBC2—Intentionally shapes digital work-personal boundaries | 665 | 1 | 5 | 2.74 | 1.09 | 0.477 | −0.356 | |
| TBC3—Actively modifies digital connections for recovery | 665 | 1 | 5 | 2.84 | 1.08 | 0.346 | −0.495 | |
| TBC4—Crafts own boundaries beyond organizational norms | 665 | 1 | 5 | 2.89 | 1.13 | 0.274 | −0.647 | |
| SWLB | SWLB1—Consistent healthy balance maintained over time | 665 | 1 | 5 | 3.05 | 1.48 | 0.533 | −0.468 |
| SWLB2—Boundaries sustainable without chronic strain | 665 | 1 | 5 | 3.02 | 1.30 | 0.625 | 0.293 | |
| SWLB3—Meaningful engagement across both work and personal domains | 665 | 1 | 5 | 3.05 | 1.37 | 0.567 | 0.085 | |
| SWLB4—Sustainable even under intensified digital demands | 665 | 1 | 5 | 3.18 | 1.45 | 0.612 | −0.002 |