Genomic organization of HAV and various replicon constructs. The organization of the HAV genome is at the top, with the P1 sequence highlighted (solid region). Below is the organization of the replicons. In HAV-Luc, the sequence encoding F-Luc (shaded region) was inserted in frame, replacing all but the 5′ 120 nt and 3′ 39 nt of the P1 segment, in an infectious cDNA clone derived from the rapidly replicating, cytopathic HM175/18f virus. HAV-LucΔVP4 is identical to HAV-Luc except that further sequence has been removed from the 5′ end of the P1 segment, leaving only 12 nt of the VP4-coding sequence. Similarly, HAV-LucΔ3D is identical to HAV-Luc except for a single nucleotide change resulting in premature termination of translation within the 3Dpol-coding sequence.