Table 2.
Comparisons of the characteristics of the study cohorts.
| Variables | Category | Hypertension Status | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Training Cohort | Testing Cohort | |||||||
| Yes (N = 770) |
No (N = 4,065) |
Total (N = 4,835) |
Yes (N = 327) |
No (N = 1,765) |
Total (N = 2,092) |
|||
| Age (years) | Mean ± SD | 49.7 ± 11.4 | 40.0 ± 11.6 | 41.9 ± 12.0 | 48.8 ± 12.1 | 39.5 ± 11.4 | 41.6 ± 12.2 | 0.345 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | Mean ± SD | 32.1 ± 5.9 | 28.9 ± 5.6 | 29.7 ± 5.8 | 32.3 ± 5.9 | 29.0 ± 5.6 | 29.8 ± 5.9 | 0.515 |
| Gender | Female | 291 (37.8) | 1,454 (35.8) | 1,745 (36.1) | 106 (32.4) | 620 (35.1) | 726 (34.7) | 0.280 |
| Male | 479 (62.2) | 2,611 (64.2) | 3,090 (63.9) | 221 (67.6) | 1,145 (64.9) | 1,366 (65.3) | ||
| Nationality | Qatari | 526 (68.3) | 2,849 (70.1) | 3,375 (69.8) | 219 (67.0) | 1,240 (70.3) | 1,459 (69.7) | 0.982 |
| Non-Qatari | 244 (31.7) | 1,216 (29.9) | 1,460 (30.2) | 108 (33.0) | 525 (29.7) | 633 (30.3) | ||
| Physical activity | Inactive | 180 (41.8) | 708 (29.3) | 888 (31.2) | 52 (31.7) | 288 (28.5) | 340 (28.9) | 0.167 |
| Active | 251 (58.2) | 1,707 (70.7) | 1,958 (68.8) | 112 (68.3) | 723 (71.5) | 835 (71.1) | ||
| Sleeping | Inadequate | 523 (67.9) | 2,605 (64.2) | 3,128 (64.8) | 227 (69.4) | 1,104 (62.7) | 1,331 (63.7) | 0.419 |
| Adequate | 247 (32.1) | 1,455 (35.8) | 1,702 (35.2) | 100 (30.6) | 658 (37.3) | 758 (36.3) | ||
| Smoking | Yes | 237 (32.5) | 1,377 (35.5) | 1,614 (35.0) | 123 (38.6) | 602 (35.7) | 725 (36.1) | 0.382 |
| No | 493 (67.5) | 2,506 (64.5) | 2,999 (65.0) | 196 (61.4) | 1,085 (64.3) | 1,281 (63.9) | ||
| Diabetes | Yes | 327 (42.5) | 473 (11.6) | 800 (16.6) | 134 (41.0) | 193 (10.9) | 327 (15.6) | 0.357 |
| No | 442 (57.5) | 3,588 (88.4) | 4,030 (83.4) | 193 (59.0) | 1,571 (89.1) | 1,764 (84.4) | ||
| Hyperlipidemia | Yes | 468 (61.3) | 1,099 (27.3) | 1,567 (32.7) | 200 (61.7) | 447 (25.6) | 647 (31.3) | 0.251 |
| No | 295 (38.7) | 2,925 (72.7) | 3,220 (67.3) | 124 (38.3) | 1,297 (74.4) | 1,421 (68.7) | ||
| CVD status | Yes | 18 (2.4) | 22 (0.5) | 40 (0.8) | 8 (2.5) | 15 (0.9) | 23 (1.1) | 0.335 |
| No | 745 (97.6) | 4,002 (99.5) | 4,747 (99.2) | 316 (97.5) | 1,729 (99.1) | 2,045 (98.9) | ||
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular diseases (composite of heart attack, angina, and stroke); SD, standard deviation; p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant using independent-samples t-tests for continuous variables and Chi-square (or Fisher's exact) tests for categorical variables.