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. 2026 Sep 4;17:1934713. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1934713

Table 4.

Regression analyses for the serial mediation model (N = 690).

Outcome variable Predictor B SE β t R 2 Adjust. R2 F
Screen dependence Child gender −0.543 0.566 −0.033 −0.960 0.200 0.194 34.143***
Child age 0.617 0.342 0.062 1.805
Parental education −0.340 0.262 −0.045 −1.300
Family income 0.192 0.204 0.033 0.945
Parenting stress 0.315 0.025 0.434 12.398***
Parent–child interaction quality Child gender 0.682 0.631 0.037 1.082 0.214 0.208 37.155***
Child age −1.005 0.381 −0.090 −2.640**
Parental education 0.858 0.292 0.101 2.943**
Family income 0.153 0.227 0.023 0.673
Parenting stress −0.340 0.028 −0.417 −12.014***
Executive function Child gender 1.432 1.050 0.047 1.364 0.210 0.203 30.238***
Child age 1.352 0.636 0.073 2.125*
Parental education −0.276 0.488 −0.020 −0.567
Family income −0.416 0.377 −0.038 −1.102
Parenting stress −0.422 0.052 −0.312 −8.142***
Parent–child interaction quality 0.384 0.064 0.232 6.039***
Screen dependence Child gender −0.186 0.529 −0.011 −0.351 0.306 0.298 42.870***
Child age 0.660 0.322 0.066 2.053*
Parental education −0.233 0.246 −0.031 −0.947
Family income 0.151 0.190 0.026 0.795
Parenting stress 0.185 0.027 0.255 6.771***
Parent–child interaction quality −0.115 0.033 −0.129 −3.504***
Executive function −0.165 0.019 −0.307 −8.539***

B, unstandardized coefficient; SE, standard error; β, standardized coefficient. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.