Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the three groups
| Variable | SC0 (n = 24) | SC1 (n = 33) | HC (n = 57) | F/χ2/H | P | Partial η2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (M/F) | 8/16 | 8/25 | 13/44 | 1.02 | 0.600a | - |
| Age (years) | 22.00(20.00,29.25) | 21.00(19.00,29.00) | 23.00(21.50,24.00) | 2.15 | 0.341b | - |
| Years of education | 13.00(11.25,15.75) | 12.00(9.00,16.00) | 13.00(11.00,15.00) | 1.23 | 0.541b | - |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.72 ± 2.53 | 21.15 ± 3.01 | 21.44 ± 2.65 | 0.61 | 0.547c | - |
| History of suicide attempts (Y/N) | 2/22 | 13/20 | 0/57 | 27.47 | <0.001d | |
| HAMD_24 | 22.50(18.00,28.25) | 28.00(24.50,31.00) | 1.00(0.00,2.00) | 87.32 | <0.001b | - |
| BSI_SI | 2.00(2.00,3.00) | 8.00(6.00,9.00) | 0.00(0.00,0.50) | 96.34 | <0.001b | - |
| BSI_ST | 0.00(0.00,0.00) | 11.00(8.50,12.50) | 0.00(0.00,0.00) | 108.81 | <0.001b | - |
| BSI_19 | 2.00(2.00,3.00) | 19.00(15.00,21.00) | 0.00(0.00,0.50) | 97.17 | <0.001b | - |
| Acetic acid (μg/ml) | 1.00(0.62,1.49) | 0.90(0.62,1.45) | 1.44(1.07,2.13) | 11.26 | <0.001e | 0.174 |
| Propionic acid (μg/ml) | 0.13(0.07,0.20) | 0.12(0.10,0.20) | 0.25(0.22,0.33) | 26.46 | <0.001e | 0.331 |
| Butyric acid (μg/ml) | 0.03(0.02,0.05) | 0.03(0.02,0.04) | 0.05(0.03,0.06) | 4.58 | <0.05e | 0.079 |
| CRP (ng/ml) | 139.64(112.70,156.42) | 142.01(119.85,149.94) | 107.46(87.68,121.53) | 29.52 | <0.001e | 0.356 |
HC: healthy controls group; SC0: MDD without suicidal ideation; SC1: MDD with suicidal ideation
a: p-value from χ2 test
b: p-value from Kruskai-Wallis H test among multiple groups
c: p-value from ANOVA test among multiple groups
d: p-value from Fisher’s exact test
e: p-value from rank-based ANCOVA test