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. 2026 Jul 1;411(1):243. doi: 10.1007/s00423-026-04113-3

Table 3.

Blinding of study contributors of included RCTs

Study contributor Blinded Not blinded Not reported
Patients 120 (23%) 172 (33%) 235 (44%)
Physicians 83 (16%) 249 (47%) 195 (37%)
Data collectors 123 (23%) 56 (11%) 348 (66%)
Outcome assessors 140 (27%) 53 (10%) 334 (63%)
Statisticians 37 (7%) 9 (2%) 481 (91%)