Table 2.
Longitudinal changes in mechanisms of action across implementation periods of PEACHES
| Pre-PEACHES | Post-workshop | Post-PEACHES | Pre-PEACHES v. Post-workshop | Pre- v. Post-PEACHES | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | MD (% MD) | t (df) | p-value | MD (% MD) | t (df) | p-value | |
| Knowledge† | 51.3 (22.7) | 89.5 (10.5) | 79.0 (27.8) | 38.2 (74%) | 14.44 (63) | < .0001 | 27.7 (54%) | 7.05 (64) | < .0001 |
| Skills | 2.80 (1.42) | 5.19 (0.69) | 5.19 (0.76) | 2.4 (49%) | 12.02 (60) | < .0001 | 2.4 (48%) | 11.88 (55) | < .0001 |
| Positive emotions | 4.13 (1.25) | 4.92 (0.92) | 4.89 (1.02) | 0.8 (16%) | 5.23 (60) | < .0001 | 0.7 (14%) | 4.36 (54) | < .0001 |
| Negative emotions | 2.65 (1.38) | 2.06 (1.39) | 2.06 (1.34) | − 0.5 (− 11%) | − 2.32 (58) | .0237 | − 0.7 (− 14%) | -3.58 (52) | .0007 |
| Professional role and identity | 4.70 (0.97) | 5.27 (0.79) | 5.26 (0.87) | 0.6 (12%) | 4.34 (62) | < .0001 | 0.5 (10%) | 3.50 (57) | .0009 |
| Informational resources | 3.34 (1.41) | 5.60 (0.47) | 5.51 (0.53) | 2.3 (46%) | 12.52 (61) | < .0001 | 2.2 (44%) | 11.21 (56) | < .0001 |
| Organizational context and Resources | 4.15 (0.99) | 4.68 (1.13) | 4.73 (1.00) | 0.5 (10%) | 3.73 (62) | .0004 | 0.4 (9%) | 3.17 (56) | .0025 |
| self-efficacy†† | 3.94 (1.44) | 5.14 (0.74) | 4.85 (0.88) | 1.2 (24%) | 6.23 (60) | < .0001 | 0.9 (19%) | 4.80 (55) | < .0001 |
| Ease/confidence Offering Social Support††† | 4.03 (0.93) | 4.41 (0.52) | 4.35 (0.56) | 0.37 (9%) | 3.35 (63) | .0014 | 0.32 (8%) | 2.87 (58) | .0058 |
| Comfort with anal health assessment (“asking clients about…”) | |||||||||
| sexual orientation | 3.45 (0.79) | 3.67 (0.56) | 3.59 (0.65) | 0.22 (5%) | 2.50 (63) | .0151 | 0.14 (3%) | 1.59 (57) | .1175 |
| concerns about HIV/STIs | 3.54 (0.64) | 3.63 (0.60) | 3.53 (0.70) | 0.08 (2%) | 1.22 (63) | .2281 | -0.07 (-2%) | -0.66 (58) | .5096 |
| anal sex practices | 2.60 (1.20) | 3.22 (0.77) | 3.25 (0.81) | 0.59 (15%) | 4.23 (63) | < .0001 | 0.63 (16%) | 4.11 (56) | .0001 |
| concerns about anal sex, apart from HIV/STIs | 2.65 (1.28) | 3.17 (0.77) | 3.33 (0.71) | 0.50 (13%) | 3.55 (63) | .0007 | 0.67 (17%) | 3.78 (57) | .0004 |
| Comfort with anal health promotion | |||||||||
| Starting a conversation about anal health, apart from HIV/STIs | 2.49 (1.26) | 3.11 (0.80) | 3.14 (0.83) | 0.59 (15%) | 3.86 (63) | .0003 | 0.60 (15%) | 3.22 (57) | .0021 |
| Responding to concerns about anal health, apart from HIV/STIs | 2.46 (1.16) | 3.14 (0.75) | 3.25 (0.69) | 0.67 (17%) | 4.77 (63) | < .0001 | 0.82 (21%) | 5.20 (56) | < .0001 |
| Advising how to lessen contact with feces during anal sex | 2.17 (1.34) | 3.34 (0.78) | 3.14 (0.93) | 1.14 (29%) | 6.85 (63) | < .0001 | 0.90 (22%) | 4.80 (57) | < .0001 |
| Advising how to reduce pain during anal sex †††† | 2.17 (1.39) | 3.34 (0.74) | 3.24 (0.73) | 1.14 (29%) | 7.04 (63) | < .0001 | 1.00 (25%) | 5.08 (57) | < .0001 |
| Advising how to make anal sex more pleasurable | 2.14 (1.46) | 3.20 (0.86) | 3.02 (0.95) | 1.03 (26%) | 6.30 (63) | < .0001 | 0.81 (20%) | 3.93 (57) | .0002 |
| Conducting a sexual history focused on anal sex * | 2.42 (1.34) | 3.18 (0.80) | 3.10 (0.92) | 0.73 (18%) | 4.63 (55) | < .0001 | 0.66 (17%) | 3.28 (49) | .0019 |
| Collecting anorectal swabs * | 3.33 (0.77) | 3.67 (0.49) | 3.35 (0.79) | 0.33 (8%) | 1.84 (17) | .0827 | 0 (0) | 0.00 (16) | 1 |
| Conducting an anorectal exam †††† * | 2.64 (1.28) | 3.29 (0.91) | 2.85 (0.99) | 0.64 (16%) | 1.80 (13) | .0951 | 0.23 (6%) | 0.56 (12) | .5845 |
Comparisons by timepoint are based only on participants with data at both timepoints; statistical tests compare paired responses and may reflect a reduced sample size. †Significant difference between Post-Workshop and Post-PEACHES driven by three items. See Supplemental Table 1 for statistics for each item
††Significant difference between Post-Workshop and Post-PEACHES for Self-efficacy. See Supplemental Table 2 for statistics for each item
†††Significant difference between Post-Workshop and Post-PEACHES. See Supplemental Table 3 for statistics for each item
††††Significant differences between Post-Workshop and Post-PEACHES for advising on pain (MD = − 0.17, % MD = -4%, t(57) = − 2.01, p = .049) and conducting an anorectal exam (MD = − 0.54, % MD = − 14%, t(12) = − 2.21, p = .047)
*For Comfort items, Pre-PEACHES N = 65, Post-Workshop N = 64, Post-PEACHES N = 59, except last three items were calculated by excluding ‘5 Not part of my role’ across timepoints