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. 2026 Sep 9;13:1906713. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2026.1906713

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© 2026 Arca, Marcucci, Maggioni, Bilato, Stabile, Cipollone, Capodanno, Liuzzo, Varbella, Guerra, Carugo, Valsecchi, Cangini, Ghiringhelli, Parretti, Donnaloja and Catapano.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Table summarizing barriers to implementing lipoprotein(a) testing, organized into Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation domains. Each domain lists items such as knowledge, resources, and beliefs, indicates their relevance using filled circles, and identifies barriers like lack of knowledge, limited laboratory equipment, delayed test results, lack of confidence, and entrenched habits. — Assessment of TDF constructs and associated barriers influencing Lp(a) testing according to the COM-B model. Items represent TDF constructs mapped to the COM-B domains. Relevance scores reflect the integrated assessment of each construct based on stakeholder ratings and workshop discussion. Barriers are reported only for constructs rated as moderately or highly relevant (relevance scores 2-3). COM-B, Capability, Opportunity, Motivation–Behavior; CV, cardiovascular; KOL, Key Opinion Leader; Lp(a), Lipoprotein(a); TDF, Theoretical Domains Framework.