FIG. 1.

Higher levels of HBV replication in the livers of IRF-1^−/− or PKR^−/− mice. Six age (8 to 10 weeks)-, sex (male)-, and serum HBeAg-matched mice that were either heterozygous or homozygous for the indicated null mutation were sacrificed, and the livers were harvested. Following extraction, total DNAs were pooled for each group and analyzed for HBV replication by Southern blot analysis. Bands corresponding to the integrated transgene (Trans.), relaxed circular (RC), and single-stranded (SS) linear HBV DNA replicative forms are indicated. The integrated transgene can be used to normalize the amount of DNA bound to the membrane. The filter was hybridized with a ³²P-labeled HBV-specific DNA probe.