Table 3.
Association between participant characteristics and themes
| Characteristic | Theme* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open science | Research question | Study methodology | Data source | Findings and interpretation | Writing | Oversight | Artificial intelligence | |
| Age (per 10 years) | 0.99 (0.71 to 1.38) | 1.42 (1.01 to 2.00) | 0.71 (0.54 to 0.94) | 1.09 (0.83 to 1.42) | 1.02 (0.79 to 1.33) | 1.00 (0.75 to 1.35) | 0.75 (0.57 to 0.99) | 1.5 (0.71 to 3.16) |
| Years of experience (>20 years vs. ≤20 years) | 0.58 (0.23 to 1.48) | 1.38 (0.56 to 3.43) | 0.41 (0.19 to 0.87) | 1.23 (0.58 to 2.58) | 0.99 (0.49 to 1.99) | 1.03 (0.45 to 2.34) | 0.49 (0.23 to 1.06) | 2.4 (0.24 to 23.71) |
| Level of expertise (Advanced vs. Lower) | 0.33 (0.12 to 0.95) | 1.79 (0.69 to 4.68) | 0.7 (0.34 to 1.46) | 1.52 (0.71 to 3.28) | 1.14 (0.56 to 2.32) | 0.41 (0.18 to 0.95) | 0.53 (0.25 to 1.16) | 0.66 (0.09 to 4.82) |
| Involvement in conducting NRSIs (Yes vs. No) | 0.17 (0.05 to 0.59) | 1.42 (0.56 to 3.61) | 1.59 (0.77 to 3.27) | 1.52 (0.71 to 3.28) | 2.52 (1.23 to 5.19) | 0.59 (0.26 to 1.34) | 0.46 (0.21 to 1) | 2.04 (0.21 to 20.16) |
| Involvement in assessing NRSIs (Yes vs. No) | 1.77 (0.65 to 4.84) | 0.34 (0.13 to 0.90) | 0.97 (0.4 to 2.32) | 0.51 (0.22 to 1.23) | 0.62 (0.26 to 1.51) | 1.06 (0.39 to 2.94) | 1.86 (0.78 to 4.43) | 0.08 (0.01 to 0.79) |
| Involvement in development of reporting guidelines (Yes vs. No) | 2.07 (0.65 to 6.54) | 2.31 (0.92 to 5.85) | 0.46 (0.21 to 1.01) | 0.95 (0.41 to 2.18) | 1.14 (0.52 to 2.51) | 1.83 (0.77 to 4.39) | 0.78 (0.35 to 1.76) | 2.82 (0.38 to 20.82) |
* Odds ratio (95% confidence interval); statistically significant results are highlighted
Note: Analyses were not adjusted for multiplicity. Estimates for categories with very small sample sizes (e.g., Artificial intelligence) may be unstable due to sparse data