Table 4.
Combined exposure categories of maternal BMI and anaemia on low birth weight in rural India, 2019-21
| Maternal BMI × anaemia status | LBW (weighted %) | Gross differential (%) | Crude odd ratio | 95% CI | Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal BMI + Not anaemic (Ref.) | 16.1 | - | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | — |
| Underweight + Not anaemic | 20.1 | 4 | 1.41*** | 1.31–1.52 | 1.28*** | 1.19–1.37 |
| Underweight + Anaemic | 21 | 4.9 | 1.50*** | 1.42–1.59 | 1.34*** | 1.27–1.42 |
| Normal BMI + Anaemic | 16.6 | 0.5 | 1.11*** | 1.06–1.16 | 1.07** | 1.02–1.12 |
| Overweight + Not anaemic | 13.6 | -2.5 | 0.83*** | 0.77–0.90 | 0.91* | 0.84–0.99 |
| Overweight + Anaemic | 14 | -2.1 | 0.88** | 0.82–0.95 | 0.94 | 0.87–1.01 |
Gross differential (%) represents the absolute difference in the prevalence of low birth weight between each maternal BMI–anaemia category and the reference category (Normal BMI + Not anaemic); Adjusted for maternal age, age at marriage, glucose level, education, wealth index, caste, religion, media exposure, region, birth order, ANC visits, iron–folic acid intake, tetanus toxoid injection, full ANC visits, use of cigarettes and tobacco, any sign of pregnancy complication, and sex of child; Ref. Reference category; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; CI: Confidence Interval