| 2D | Two-dimensional |
| 3D | Three-dimensional |
| AR | Augmented reality |
| CI | Confidence interval |
| CONSORT | Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials |
| EMM | Estimated marginal mean |
| Hz | Hertz |
| IQR | Interquartile range |
| NASA-TLX | National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index |
| OR | Odds ratio |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| Sec | Seconds |
| UBE | Unilateral biportal endoscopic |