Table 6.
Neonatal short-term outcomes.
| Parameter (Unit/Definition) | Combined group (n = 60) | Control group (n = 60) | Test statistic | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 min Apgar score (mean ± SD) | 8.0 ± 0.7 | 7.9 ± 0.8 | t = 0.729 | 0.468 |
| 5 min Apgar score (mean ± SD) | 9.6 ± 0.5 | 9.5 ± 0.4 | t = 1.21 | 0.229 |
| Need for resuscitation (e.g., intubation, chest compressions), n (%) | 1 (1.7%) | 2 (3.3%) | —— | 1.000 |
| NICU admission, n (%) | 2 (3.3%) | 3 (5.0%) | —— | 1.000 |
| Neonatal asphyxia or severe complications (including low Apgar ≤3, intracranial hemorrhage, etc.), n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | —— | —— |
| Birth weight (g, mean ± SD) | 3375 ± 315 | 3410 ± 330 | t = −0.594 | 0.553 |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 31 (51.7%) | 29 (48.3%) | χ2 = 0.133 | 0.715 |
| Short-term complications before discharge (including jaundice requiring phototherapy, feeding difficulties, etc.), n (%) | 3 (5.0%) | 4 (6.7%) | —— | 1.000 |
| Length of hospital stay (days, mean ± SD) | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 3.9 ± 1.5 | t = −1.21 | 0.228 |
“—” indicates not applicable or not observed.