Table 3.
Iron-status indicators by baseline characteristics1
| N | Hemoglobin mean g/L (SD) | Anemia2 % | Protoporphyrin mean μmol/mole heme (SD) | Iron-deficiency anemia3 % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 490 | ||||
| Males | 247 | 101.2 (12.2) | 59.9 | 135.71 (94.7) | 47.0 |
| Females | 243 | 101.4 (12.7) | 55.6 | 123.7 (84.0) | 39.1 |
| Age (months) | 490 | ||||
| 4–5 | 80 | 106.7 (11.1) | 40.0 | 96.9 (61.7) | 26.3 |
| 6–8 | 93 | 101.7 (13.1) | 50.5 | 121.6 (99.7) | 30.1 |
| 9–11 | 105 | 101.5 (11.2) | 59.0 | 122.3 (70.1) | 46.7 |
| 12–14 | 118 | 99.2 (12.0) | 65.3 | 156.4 (99.0) | 56.8 |
| 15–17 | 94 | 98.7 (13.4) | 69.1 | 140.8 (96.6) | 48.9 |
| Caste | 490 | ||||
| Brahmin & Chhetri | 47 | 108.4 (10.2) | 25.5 | 110.4 (96.8) | 19.1 |
| Vaiysha | 301 | 101.1 (12.3) | 61.1 | 126.1 (78.0) | 44.2 |
| Shudra | 65 | 96.3 (12.9) | 72.3 | 152.6 (93.8) | 63.1 |
| Muslim | 77 | 101.8 (12.0) | 51.9 | 136.6 (112.0) | 36.4 |
| SES Scale (possessions) | 484 | ||||
| 0–1 | 105 | 97.5 (11.9) | 66.7 | 144.7 (95.8) | 54.3 |
| 2–5 | 246 | 100.7 (13.3) | 61.0 | 131.9 (89.0) | 44.7 |
| 6–12 | 133 | 105.4 (10.1) | 45.1 | 114.2 (84.8) | 31.6 |
| Feeding Groups | 485 | ||||
| Breast milk only | 81 | 105.8 (11.2) | 44.4 | 101.7 (65.3) | 28.4 |
| Breast milk/water | 49 | 101.8 (11.1) | 51.0 | 113.4 (85.6) | 34.7 |
| 1–3 foods | 71 | 99.8 (13.4) | 60.6 | 136.8 (103.9) | 45.1 |
| 4–6 foods | 191 | 100.4 (12.3) | 61.3 | 132.5 (85.1) | 47.1 |
| 7–9 foods | 93 | 99.6 (12.9) | 65.6 | 152.4 (102.5) | 51.6 |
| Diarrhea4 | 490 | ||||
| Yes | 145 | 102.0 (13.9) | 54.5 | 127.0 (87.0) | 40.7 |
| No | 345 | 101.0 (11.8) | 59.0 | 131.0 (90.9) | 44.1 |
| Stunted5 | 465 | ||||
| Yes | 139 | 98.5 (12.4) | 69.1 | 136.8 (96.0) | 49.6 |
| No | 326 | 102.8 (12.3) | 52.1 | 124.4 (82.7) | 39.0 |
| Wasted6 | 473 | ||||
| Yes | 85 | 100.5 (13.4) | 60.0 | 141.6 (115.3) | 45.9 |
| No | 388 | 101.7 (12.2) | 56.4 | 127.1 (83.9) | 41.5 |
1
Bold numbers indicate significant associations (p< 0.05) between characteristic and indicator using Chi-square tests for dichotomous variables and ANOVA for continuous variables. The associations were significant (p < 0.01) with the exception of SES and erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP), stunting and EP, wasting and EP, and feeding and IDA (p < 0.05);
2
Hemoglobin ≤ 105 g/L;
3
Anemia with EP > 90 μmol/mol heme;
4
12-point material asset scale, missing 6;
5
missing data from 5 subjects;
6
4 or > watery stools/day in past 5 days;
7
height-for-age Z-score < −2, missing data from 25 children;
8
weight-for-height Z-score < −2, missing data from 17 children.