Table 3.

GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) assessment of outcome measures.

Certainty assessment								Patients, n			Effect size		Certainty		Importance
Studies, n	Study design	Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Other considerations	Intervention		Control	SMDa (95% CI)
Mean number of diminutive polyps detected (≤5 mm)
13	Randomized trials	Seriousb	Very seriousc	Not serious	Not serious	None	4750		4734	0.21 (0.07 to 0.35)		Very lowb,c		Critical
Mean number of small polyps detected (6-9 mm)
13	Randomized trials	Seriousb	Not serious	Not serious	Seriousd	None	4750		4734	0.02 (–0.02 to 0.06)		Lowb,d		Critical
Mean number of large polyps detected ( ≥ 10 mm)
13	Randomized trials	Seriousb	Not serious	Not serious	Seriouse	None	4750		4734	0.01 (0.00 to 0.02)		Lowb,e		Critical

^aSMD: standardized mean difference.

^bMost trials lacked endoscopist blinding; partial inadequate allocation concealment.

^cI²=86.6%, 95% prediction interval crosses null, large between‑study heterogeneity.

^dEffect estimate close to null; wide CI crossing no‑effect.

^eEffect estimate close to the null; trivial clinical magnitude.