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. 2026 Sep 18;15(9):1193. doi: 10.3390/antiox15091193
TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor-α
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-1β Interleukin-1β
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
IR Insulin Resistance
MAMs Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes
TCA Tricarboxylic Acid
O2− Superoxide Anion
H2O2 Hydrogen Peroxide
ETC Electron Transport Chain
FFAs Free Fatty Acids
HDAC3 Histone Deacetylase 3
HFD High-Fat Diet
MafK MAF bZIP transcription factor K
MFN Mitofusin 1
NOX NADPH oxidase
NRF1/2 Nuclear Respiratory Factors 1/2
ERRα Estrogen-Related Receptor α
PGC-1α Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-α
MFN1 Membrane Protein Mitofusin 1
MFN2 Membrane Protein Mitofusin 2
OPA1 Optic Atrophy 1
SOD1 Superoxide Dismutase 1
T2DM Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
CRP C-Reactive Protein
VAT Visceral Adipose Tissue
WAT White Adipose Tissue
GPx Glutathione Peroxidase
HIF-1α Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-α
TLR4 Toll-Like Receptor 4
ER Endoplasmic Reticulum
UPR Unfolded Protein Response
8-OHdG 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine
PON-1 Paraoxonase-1
GGT Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase
miRNAs MicroRNAs
OxPLs Oxidized Phospholipids
Trx2 Thioredoxin 2
LPS Lipopolysaccharide